Thursday, April 3, 2025

Ancient Patriarchs in Genesis

Ancient Patriarchs in Genesis

Bodie Hodge, M.Sc., B.Sc., PEI

Biblical Authority Ministries, April 3, 2025 (Donate)

Imagine the possible headlines of long ago:

“Methuselah and Adam have long talk”
“Noah outlives great, great, great grandson Peleg”
“Shem and Abraham go fishing”

Many people are unfamiliar with the historical figures in Genesis. It is sometimes difficult to believe that people lived such long lives, too—although they did. There is much to learn from these patriarchs (an early father of the human race).

In heaven our lives will overlap for eternity! Even in the original creation, God designed man to live forever, but due to sin and the Fall in Genesis 3, man was sentenced to death—to return to dust. It is appointed for man to live once and then die and face judgment. It is for this reason that we need a Savior in Jesus Christ to save us from death.

Even Moses was a young pup compared to these ancient patriarchs in Genesis; 
Picture by Bodie Hodge

What we live today though, is miniscule compared to the great ages of the ancient patriarchs in Genesis.

The Great Ages

Many of the ancient people listed in the Bible’s genealogies lived very long lives. Methuselah holds the title of oldest-known man who died at 969 years old (interestingly his father Enoch outlived him and has still not tasted death!). After Methuselah died, the Flood came.

After the Flood, we see the ages of these men declining. For example, Noah lived to be 950 years old, Shem to 600, Shelah to 433, and Abraham to 175.

 

Patriarch

Age

Bible reference

1

Adam

930

Genesis 5:4

2

Seth

912

Genesis 5:8

3

Enosh

905

Genesis 5:11

4

Cainan

910

Genesis 5:14

5

Mahalalel

895

Genesis 5:17

6

Jared

962

Genesis 5:20

7

Enoch

365 (translated)

Genesis 5:23

8

Methuselah

969

Genesis 5:27

9

Lamech

777

Genesis 5:31

10

Noah

950

Genesis 9:29

11

Shem

600

Genesis 11:10–11

12

Arphaxad

438

Genesis 11:12–13

13

Shelah

433

Genesis 11:14–15

14

Eber

464

Genesis 11:16–17

15

Peleg

239

Genesis 11:18–19

16

Reu

239

Genesis 11:20–21

17

Serug

230

Genesis 11:22–23

18

Nahor

148

Genesis 11:24–25

19

Terah

205

Genesis 11:32

20

Abram (Abraham)

175

Genesis 25:7

21

Isaac

180

Genesis 35:28–29

22

Jacob (Israel)

 147

Genesis 47:28

23

Joseph

110

Genesis 50:22, 26

Table 1. Ages of the Patriarchs from Adam to Joseph

Until the Flood (Noah’s day), living to about 900 years old was the norm . . . unless you were Enoch or Lamech. Like Elijah, Enoch was translated without dying (Genesis 5:23; Hebrews 11:5). Noah’s father Lamech, it seems, was a bit unusual by being about a quarter of a century away from making 800.

Lamech and Shem were the only two listed as being born before the Flood that didn’t reach 800. We simply do not know how old Japheth or Ham lived—it could have been about the same as Shem or they could have still lived upwards of 900! We simply do not know.

The Overlaps

Nevertheless, it is hard to imagine that Abraham could have spoken to Shem (Noah’s son), who surely talked to his great-grandfather Methuselah, who in turn could have spoken to Adam, the first man, directly. Although the Bible never records that Adam and Methuselah or Abraham and Shem met, that possibility is likely. Consider the other patriarchs that could have talked to one another:

Patriarchs from Adam to Israel (Jacob)

Table 2. Patriarchs from Adam to Israel (Jacob)

Everyone today shares the same lineage from Adam to Noah, since only Noah’s family survived the Flood. After the Flood, Noah’s three sons and wives populated the earth. Noah had three sons: Japheth, Shem, and Ham (Genesis 9:24, 10:21).

The list of men in the table above record Shem’s line to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, who is also called Israel. Israel had twelve sons, and through his son Judah, the Bible traces the genealogy of Jesus Christ (Luke 3:23–38). The book of Genesis ends with the death of Joseph at 110 years old, one of Israel’s others sons.

Extra-biblical Support

Other ancient cultures have legendary periods or ancient kings lists that support the vast ages of the patriarchs. For example, the Sumerian kings list has eight kings whose lives span a great period of time. Then, accordingly, the Flood came. Removing Enoch, who was translated, and Noah, who survived the Flood, these eight could easily “match up” with remaining pre-Flood patriarchs.[1]

Greek myths point to the patriarchs as well, equating Zeus and Hera as deified corruptions of Adam and Eve.[2] The Chinese also have a legendary period with various rulers. Some researchers have said:

“Could it be that the Legendary Period recalls a time when the ancestors of China’s first dynasties were indeed kin to Noah’s descendants before the great dispersion of mankind over the earth? 

Since all peoples of earth are descended from Noah or his sons, the early Chinese ancestors were likely contemporaries of Noah, who lived 350 years after the flood (Genesis 9:28). Therefore, information could have been passed to them by word-of-mouth, even Noah himself. He in turn, obtained historical data from his father Lamech, who was 56 years old when Adam died. 

Thus, all the details of creation and life before the flood could have been passed to the Chinese from Adam with only two intermediaries, Lamech and Noah.[3]

Such recollections support the idea that information passed from Noah to his descendants who then spread across the globe. (though other accounts were prone to corruption).

Are There Gaps?

The genealogies are very specific in giving the age of the father when the son is born.[4] However, in some translations of the Bible in Luke 3:36, there seems to be an extra Cainan. Because of this, some have proposed that there may be gaps in the genealogies. However, one needs to understand this specific instance better. Expositor Dr. John Gill points out:

“This Cainan is not mentioned by Moses in #Ge 11:12 nor has he ever appeared in any Hebrew copy of the Old Testament, nor in the Samaritan version, nor in the Targum; nor is he mentioned by Josephus, nor in #1Ch 1:24 where the genealogy is repeated; nor is it in Beza’s most ancient Greek copy of Luke: it indeed stands in the present copies of the Septuagint, but was not originally there; and therefore could not be taken by Luke from thence, but seems to be owing to some early negligent transcriber of Luke’s Gospel, and since put into the Septuagint to give it authority: I say “early,” because it is in many Greek copies, and in the Vulgate Latin, and all the Oriental versions, even in the Syriac, the oldest of them; but ought not to stand neither in the text, nor in any version: for certain it is, there never was such a Cainan, the son of Arphaxad, for Salah was his son; and with him the next words should be connected. . . .[5]

This appears to have been one of a few copyist mistakes that have crept into the manuscripts after Luke wrote the original, inspired manuscript.[6] Others have pointed out how this error could have occurred rather easily.[7] There is no legitimate reason to introduce gaps into the genealogies—other than the desire to extend the dates based on extra-biblical ideas.

Conclusion

The book of Genesis spans nearly one-third of world history, but sadly in today’s church, much of it is overlooked. Perhaps if we realized the heritage that each of us have from these ancient patriarchs, we would gain a better understanding of where we came from and where we are going. Romans 4:3, NKJV, says:

For what does the Scripture say? “Abraham believed God, and it was accounted to him for righteousness.”

Surely, there is much to learn from our ancestors.

Updated from: https://answersingenesis.org/bible-characters/ancient-patriarchs-in-genesis/; Reprinted with Permission

Footnotes

  1. Raúl Erlando López, “The Antediluvian Patriarchs and the Sumerian King List,” TJ 12 no. 3 (1998):347–357.
  2. Robert Bowie Johnson, Jr., “Athena and Eve,” TJ 17 no. 3 (2003):85–92.
  3. Ethel Nelson, Richard Broadberry, and Ginger Chock, God’s Promise to the Chinese (Dunlap, Tennessee: Read Books Publisher, 1997), p. 118.
  4. See also Ken Ham, gen. ed., The New Answers Book 2 (Green Forest, Arkansas: Master Books, 2008), pp. 173–182.
  5. Dr. John Gill, Commentary notes on Genesis 3:36, adapted from the Online Bible.
  6. Copyist mistakes do not affect inspiration or inerrancy. It is the original manuscripts that were inerrant, and as fallible copyists made mistakes these things can be traced via textual criticism to preserve the text. Please see the following article for a more complete explanation by Dr. Ron Rhodes: “Manuscript Support for the Bible’s Reliability.”
  7. Ken Ham, gen. ed., The New Answers Book 2 (Green Forest, Arkansas: Master Books, 2008), pp. 296–297.

 



[1] Raúl Erlando López, “The Antediluvian Patriarchs and the Sumerian King List,” TJ 12 no. 3 (1998):347–357.

[2] Robert Bowie Johnson, Jr., “Athena and Eve,” TJ 17 no. 3 (2003):85–92.

[3] Ethel Nelson, Richard Broadberry, and Ginger Chock, God’s Promise to the Chinese (Dunlap, Tennessee: Read Books Publisher, 1997), p. 118.

[4] See also Ken Ham, gen. ed., The New Answers Book 2 (Green Forest, Arkansas: Master Books, 2008), pp. 173–182.

[5] Dr. John Gill, Commentary notes on Genesis 3:36, adapted from the Online Bible.

[6] Copyist mistakes do not affect inspiration or inerrancy. It is the original manuscripts that were inerrant, and as fallible copyists made mistakes these things can be traced via textual criticism to preserve the text. Please see the following article for a more complete explanation by Dr. Ron Rhodes: “Manuscript Support for the Bible’s Reliability.”

[7] Ken Ham, gen. ed., The New Answers Book 2 (Green Forest, Arkansas: Master Books, 2008), pp. 296–297.

Wednesday, April 2, 2025

Where Did the Idea of Multiple “Higher and Lower Races” Come From?

 Where Did the Idea of Multiple “Higher and Lower Races” Come From?

Bodie Hodge M.Sc., B.Sc., PEI

Biblical Authority Ministries April 2, 2025

Racism is rampant all over the world. I’ve been to Peru and saw a form of racism there. I was in Australia and saw types of racism there. Sweden was no different when I visited that Scandinavian country. I’ve seen it in the UK, Canada, Mexico, Turks and Caicos, and in my own “backyard” in the USA. I’ve even had people be racist to me to my face without cause or warrant.   


Bodie, when speaking with amazing peoples in Peru (yes, I'm inhere somewhere!)

One thing that can be said of each of these places and peoples, is that racism comes in a lot of different forms—some of which surprised me. Another thing I realized is that many people who truly believed they were not racist, were often times, very racist (e.g., people who join in criticism or attacking a particular “race” because they believe it is “anti-racist”—that is indeed a form of racism because one is prejudicially judging a “race”).

But here is the thing I learned the most: to be racist, one must first *assume* there are different “races”.   

How Many Races Are There? 

“How many ‘races’ are there?” I once asked this question in a jail where I was ministering. I was going to immediately give the inmates an answer (i.e., it was a rhetorical question of sorts) but they insisted on trying to work it out and they were totally engaged in the subject. So, in my lecture, I stopped and gave them some time to work it out. After about a minute or so of working together, they came to the conclusion there were about 20-30 “races”.

It was a shock to them when I said, “nope—there is only one race—the human race”.  Now, I knew this would be a shock to them because they were taught the same religion I was taught in public schools—a Darwinian evolutionary worldview, which is a form of secular humanism[1] [think of atheism (i.e., no God), materialism (matter and energy are all that exist; nothing immaterial, like God, exists), naturalism (nature is all that exists, no spiritual realm or nothing supernatural), etc.].

According to God, there is one race, Adam’s race which is also called, in more recent times, the “human race” or the “race of man”, or more simply “mankind”.  We are all descendants of Adam and Eve—the first man (1 Corinthians 15:45-47) and woman (Genesis 3:20). This means we are all made in the image of God (Genesis 1:26-27; 9:6) and have eternal value because we are made in the likeness of our eternal God. It also means we are all related and all part of that singular human race. By the way, this is not to be confused with the older definition of “race” being in the context of tribes, nations, and cultures which are subgroups emerging after Babel within the one human race.

In the evolutionary religion, there are multiple “races” of man. Early evolutionists were arguing over how many “races” of man there were. Some entertained numbers as high as these inmates, but most settled around 4-5 “races”, sometimes including one of these three:

·        “American Indians race”/Native Americans/Americanae who were seen as “Red race”

·        “Esquimaux race”/Lapps which included the far northern peoples (polar group) in Siberia as well as the Eskimos and Algonquians

·        “Malayan race”/Malaicae which included many Southeastern Asian and Pacific Islander (i.e., the “Brown race”)

But usually, most evolutionists had accepted that these 4 primary “races”:

·        Caucasian/Caucasiae (Europeans; “White race”)

·        Mongoloid/Mongolicae (Asians; “Yellow race”)

·        Negroid/Aethiopicae (Ethiopians/Africans; “Black race”)

·        Australoid (Australian Aborigines)

Up front, I don’t like this terminology but for educational purposes, this is what evolutionists and their precursors used. Interestingly, many people classified within these groups didn’t always fit neatly into these categories but nevertheless, evolutionists used these prototypes for their generalized racial divisions.

Regarding the Names 

The name Caucasian is still used today on many government forms that ask which “race” you are. It is a name that comes from the Caucasus mountains between the Black Sea and Caspian Sea. Many migrants into Europe came via that route as the Japhetic people (descendants of Noah’s son Japheth) from Babel settled into Europe and north Asia.[2]   

The name Mongoloid comes from the same root as Mongols and Mongolia. Their peoples conquered much of southern and central Asia and East Asia. At some points their influence extended into the Middle East and Europe. 

Negroid was often denoted as “Ethiopian” in much older literature. Ethiopians (or Cushites—named for Noah’s grandson Cush[3]) dominated much of East, Central, and Southern Africa and were seen as a prototype African. The name Negroid and its variants come from the Latin name for black and is still reflected in many Romance languages (Latin based-languages).  

 

Language

Word for Black

1

Latin

Niger or Nigrum

2

Spanish

Negre

3

Galician

Negro

4

Italian

Nero

5

Romanian

Negru

6

Portuguese

Negro

This term was never originally meant as a derogatory term but a descriptive term. Sadly, in modern use, it has been used in offensive ways. There are still cases where we see a reflection of it being used in respectable ways such as the Negro Baseball League, founded by Andrew “Rube” Foster, and this historical league is still honored today for overcoming adversity.

Australoid comes from the Latin root word for “southern” (australis) that is still used for the continent and country of Australia as well as Austronesia (think of the southern Pacific Islanders). The name still encompasses the original inhabitants of Australia (Australian aborigines) and many people in the Pacific and the island lands of southern Asia (Austronesians). This is not to be confused with the root word for Austria in central Europe which is derived from “Österreich”, an old German word for eastern realm.

Was the Idea of Different “Races” Unique to the Evolutionists? 

No, it wasn’t. There were precursors to the evolutionary understanding of “race”. Prior to Carl Linnaeus (d. 1778), people were not categorized by the modern evolutionary understanding of “race”. But people were largely recognized as tribes, tongues, peoples, cultures, nations, and so forth. And rightly so, the modern evolutionary ideas of multiple higher and lower “races” had not been popularized yet.

When the term “race” was used it was in the context of a people who were descended from a particular person. The word “race” was used differently (i.e., a different definition)—I’ll get to that in a moment. But instead of one primary race (Adam’s Race) with subsequent breakdowns into a people groups (English race, French race, German race, etc.) there was a movement that started classifying people based on how they looked.

Georges Buffon, a French naturalist, around 1750 classed people into 6 groups—Lapps, Tartars (Mongolians), Europeans, Americans, south Asians, and Ethiopians (Africans).[4]

With Carl Linnaeus though, definitions began to change to be more “definitive” as animals and plants were being classified (based on how they looked). The Latin words species and genus, now took on new “scientific” definitions as new definitions were emerging and old definitions were becoming antiquated. Linnaeus initially labelled 4 varieties within the human species in his early editions of his famous work, Systema Naturae (1758).

·        Americanus

·        Europeanus

·        Asiaticus

·        Afer or Africanus

There is debate over where these classifications were based on looks or merely based on their location—living in different continental schemes. Later Linnaeus added an additional grouping called “Monstrosus”, which included what is informally dubbed as mythological humans and included giants. It was kind of a “catch-all” category of other alleged human-like claims. 

Since this group was not part of their own continent, then likely Linnaeus was indeed grouping people due to looks, similar in fashion to plants and animals in his system. Nevertheless, Linnaeus held that all people go back to Adam and Eve and that there was one race. But his groupings of man unlocked a door as his views were held in prominence.  

Later, an anthropologist decided to tackle these variations in man in more detail. It was a German professor named Johann Friedrich Blumenbach (AD 1752–1840). He was, and still is to this day, very influential in the fields of anthropology (study of the history of mankind) and anatomy. He divided humanity into five “races” in 1779.[5] His breakdown of “races” were:

·        Caucasian (Europe, Asia Minor, North Africa and West Asia)

·        Mongolian (East, Central and Southern Asia)

·        Aethiopian  (Sub-Saharan Africa)

·        American (Americas)

·        Malayan (Southeast Asia and Pacific)

Note that Australia was just being mapped in the 1770s and it was 1778 that saw the first European colony in Australia. So naturally there is no inclusion of Australian peoples in his classification since these people were not on Blumenbach’s radar at this [in fact, “radar” hadn’t been invented yet either! 😊).

Blumenbach’s view also put the Caucasian, of which Blumenbach classified himself, as the standard for humanity where the other variations of man were seen as divergent lines, but not without their merits of course. Even though he held that all mankind should be under one species (with multiple “races”), his work sadly set the stage to open the door further for classifying people into evolutionary relationships later. Blumenbach’s view of racial division was not widespread and it took time for his ideas to spread. But spread they did.

How Did the Word “Race” Change Meanings? 

Returning to the changing definition of race, prior to Blumenbach, the word “race” basically meant a family of descendants. It could be specific or broad. In the sense that all of mankind is the one “race of Adam” is the broadest instance. But more specifically, the Israelites could also be denoted in a more pointed way as descendants of the race of Abraham or the race of Israel/Jacob. They are a tribe, nation, or people.

Webster’s dictionary of 1828 defined “race” as:

“The lineage of a family, or continued series of descendants from a parent who is called the stock. A race is the series of descendants indefinitely. Thus all mankind are called the race of Adam; the Israelites are of the race of Abraham and Jacob. Thus we speak of a race of kings, the race of Clovis or Charlemagne; a race of nobles, etc.”[6]

So, the term “race” had little to do with anything that could be construed as higher and lower evolutionary “races”. This also shows that Blumenbach’s view still hadn’t become a mainstream idea. Nevertheless, his view was floating around in academia waiting to explode in the civil scene. The common understanding of race was still in place with the general population in the early to mid-1800s.

The point is that historically, “races” meant something different from today. In short form, there was the Irish race (the race of Magog), the German race (the race of Ashkenaz), the English race (also the race of Ashkenaz), the Egyptian race (the race of Mizraim), the Greek race (the race of Javan), the Chinese race (the race of the Sinites), Ethiopian race (the race of Cush), the Israeli race (race of Jacob), and so on. These were just divisional groupings of people who collectively make up the one “human race”—all equal pieces of the same pie.

When Johann Friedrich Blumenbach came around and redefined “race” based on his view of classifying humanity, utilizing features as opposed to their family descent, it really sparked a fire and changed the definition of race based on physical features (i.e., how you look—skin tone, hair type, eye shape, etc.). This is called racial anthropology.

There were others who commented on the racial anthropology movement such as John Hunter, Charles White, Joseph Deniker, and Benjamin Rush and in some cases added fuel to the fire. But due to the lack of genetic understanding (which hadn’t been developed yet[7]) hosts of conjectures flooded the written literature to understand skin tone and features of various peoples—incorrectly, I might add. And although it took time, Blumenbach’s multiple race view really took a foothold in the academic world that lead to Charles Darwin.   

Racial Anthropology is the foundation for Scientific Racism/Biological Racism 

Johann Blumenbach’s classification of man into “races” based on appearance led to biological racism also called scientific racism. Charles Darwin and Alfred Russell Wallace were competing to publish on an evolutionary worldview. Darwin was really a step ahead of Wallace—which is why most people know Darwin’s name and not Wallace’s name.

But it was these classifications by Blumenbach that Darwin [and other early evolutionists like Wallace, Thomas Huxley, and Ernst Haeckel] then used to line up, with selected apes, as a types of cousins on an evolutionary tree (see image for instance). It was here that the evolutionary concept of “higher and lower races” emerged in our society.

Image 1

Wallace, a British naturalist, said:

“The mental requirements of the lowest savages, such as the Australians or the Andaman Islanders, are very little above those of many animals…”[8]

Haeckel, a German zoologist and eugenicist, said:

“At the lowest stage of human mental development are the Australians, some tribes of the Polynesians, and the Bushmen, Hottentots, and some of the Negro tribes.”[9]

Haeckel also wrote:

“If one must draw a sharp boundary between them, it has to be drawn between the most highly developed and civilized man on the one hand, and the rudest savages on the other, and the latter have to be classed with the animals.”[10]

Darwin, a theologian (yes, he was a theologian), argued:

“At some future period, not very distant as measured by centuries, the civilized races of man will almost certainly exterminate and replace the savage races throughout the world.  At the same time the anthropomorphous apes. . . will no doubt be exterminated.  The break between man and his nearest allies will then be wider, for it will intervene between man in a more civilized state, as we may hope, even than the Caucasian, and some ape as low as a baboon, instead of as now between the negro or Australian [aborigine] and the gorilla.”[11]

Darwin openly said to exterminate those between his understanding of the Caucasian to the baboon (see image 2). This is because of his evolutionary belief that there were “higher and lower races”. His goal was to exterminate the higher apes and lower humans to get a bigger break between the Caucasian, whom he put on top of the civilized scale, and those to whom he thought could compete with Caucasians.

Image 2

Although Darwin listed three of his evolutionary “races” in this quote from his book the Descent of Man—“Caucasian”, “Negro”, and “Australians aborigines”, he really meant to exterminate all the other alleged “races” (by his evolutionary standard) between the Caucasian and the baboon (see Images 3 and 4).

Image 3

Image 4

Thus, in Darwin’s ideology and religion, there should be a huge break between his evolutionary categorization of Caucasian, that he hopes would evolve further without competition, and the baboon (see Image 5).

Image 5

National Socialist Adolf Hitler—an ardently consistent evolutionist[12]—argued that the Aryan (blond hair, blue-eyed people) within the Caucasians were the most evolved and on the way to becoming the next best thing for humanity.  Therefore in his view, other people classed as Caucasians could also be exterminated, including Jews, Poles, Slavs, and others who didn’t fit in that perceived Aryan category.

The National Socialist extermination camps (Death camps, which were attached to certain Concentration and Work Camps) were his means to fulfill Darwin’slegacy of exterminating during World War II. Though this was not the first time concentration camps took the lives of people of other “so-called “races” in the name of evolution. Darwin’s legacy started much sooner in the late 1800s when Darwinism became the norm—from Cuba, to the Boar War, to German controlled South-West Africa (now called Namibia) and others.[13]  

Backing up historically for a moment, the US Civil War delayed some of these evolutionary racial ideas in the States because everyone was in the midst of a national conflict (1961-1965). But the seeds of Darwin were already planted. Along with long ages and evolution which were already in the mainstream, the post-Civil War era, biological racism, took root. Then many universities fell from a Christian standard and social issues surrounding the new concept of “race” exploded. People began looking at other people groups in an evolutionarily racist way and even influenced such things as the Jim Crow laws. Dr. Charles Ware pointed out:

“It is very interesting to note that during this same season of history, Darwinian theories were beginning to make their way to American shores. Without the legal ability to enforce slavery, many people turned to the theories of Darwin to justify racism in its many forms. They began to use evolution as justification of their views that African Americans were an inferior “race” and a “sub-species” that was not really fully human and not deserving of fair and equal treatment. “Jim Crow laws,” for example, were often fueled by evolutionary ideas.”[14]

Stephen Jay Gould (1941-2002), a Marxist Harvard professor and evolutionist, stated:

“Biological arguments for racism may have been common before 1850, but they increased by orders of magnitude following the acceptance of evolutionary theory.”[15]

Although much more can be said, the greater point is that evolutionary ideas of “race” post-Darwin (1859) have had a terrible impact on society in many parts of the Western World (and beyond) including the USA. Much of that fruit is being played out on the streets, schools, and in the media and many have no idea where to turn for answers.

The Solution 

The solution is simple—get back to God’s Word and the authority of the 66 books of the Bible. If I can be so bold, people need to stop buying into the false evolutionary religion that has been imposed on them and start looking at people the way God intended—as relatives.

The Word of God in Genesis solves this issue of multiple “races”. It’s time to educate people about the fact that there is one race—the human race or Adam’s race. And animals are not our relatives as all—instead all peoples all over the world are (see Image 6)! Having variations in people groups is actually a beautiful thing.

Image 6

I would even suggest dropping the term “races” altogether when people are discussing people groups or tribes and nations. There are plenty of other words to use to describe our relatives in various parts of the world. “Races” is tainted with sinful evolutionary ideals, so I suggest caution when even considering using the word (even when attempting to use the classical definition of “race”). This is why in this article, I kept putting the word “race” in quotes!  

It’s time to look at other people the way God intended—as our relatives deserving of being loved and created as an equal. It’s also time for the world to repent of their sin—including the sin of racism that plagues this world. Bear in mind humbly, that this might include you. 

Furthermore, we need to understand the Gospel where Jesus Christ died for sinners all over the world no matter what they look like, so they can be reconciled unto God and receive the gift of eternal life with God and all His goodness in heaven. 



[1] Secularism is the religion that thinks of itself as not being religious, which is self-refuting.

[2] Bodie Hodge, Tower of Babel, Master Books, Green Forest, AR, 2013, pp. 149-179.

[3] Ibid, pp. 124-127.

[4] Kenneth E. Barber, Johann Blumenbach and the Classification of the Human Races, Encyclopedia.com, 2019, https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/johann-blumenbach-and-classification-human-races.

[5] Johann F. Blumenbach, Handbuch der Naturgeschichte vol. 1, pp. 63f. 1779. 

[6] Noah Webster, American Dictionary of the English Language, Entry: Race, 1828, http://webstersdictionary1828.com/Dictionary/race.

[7] Gregor Mendel (d. 1884) first published on genetics with both theory and data in 1866, but the scientific community largely ignored it until AD 1900, when it finally took the world by storm with its significance as Hugo de Vries, Carl Correns, and Erich von Tschermak-Seysenegg published on it as well realizing after-the-fact that Mendel had beat them to it decades before.

[8] Alfred Russell Wallace, Sir Charles Lyell on Geological Climates and the Origin of Species. Quarterly Review 126:359-94, 1869.

[9] Ernst Haeckel, The History of Creation: or the Development of the Earth and Its Inhabitants by the Action of Natural Causes, Henry S. King & Co. Publishing, London, England, 1876, pp. 362-363.

[10] Ibid. p. 365.

[11] Charles Darwin, The Descent of Man (Chicago, Publisher William Benton in Great Books of the Western World, 1952), p. 336.

[12] See his books, Mein Kompf and Hitler’s Secret Book (later called Hitler’s Zweites Buch or in English, Hitler’s Second Book).

[13] Andrea Pitzer, Concentration Camps Existed Long Before Auschwitz, Smithsonianmag.com, November 2, 2017, Concentration Camps Existed Long Before Auschwitz | History | Smithsonian Magazine.

[14] Charles Ware and Ken Ham, Darwin’s Plantation, Master Books, Green Forest, AR, 2007, p. 42, https://assets.answersingenesis.org/doc/prod/etc/chapter/10-2-305_chap2.pdf.

[15] Stephen J. Gould, Ontogeny and Phylogeny (Belknap-Harvard Press, 1977), p. 127-128.

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